This research explores the public perception, awareness, and adoption patterns of solar energy systems in Chennai, Tamil Nadu—a region with high solar potential and growing urban energy demands. As India transitions toward cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, solar energy has emerged as a critical alternative due to its renewability, environmental benefits, and long-term cost-effectiveness. The study aims to assess the general public’s knowledge of solar technologies, affordability concerns, awareness of government subsidy schemes, and willingness to adopt solar systems in residential settings. Using a structured questionnaire, primary data was collected from 100 respondents across different age groups, income levels, and educational backgrounds in Chennai through random sampling. The analysis involved statistical tools such as the chi-square test to examine the relationship between awareness and adoption, and Karl Pearson’s correlation to evaluate the link between income and affordability. Results indicate that while there is a moderate level of awareness about solar energy, knowledge of government incentives and technical feasibility remains low. High initial installation costs, lack of trust in service providers, and insufficient awareness of long-term benefits are key barriers to adoption. Despite these challenges, the study found a strong willingness among the public to shift to solar energy, provided financial support and policy clarity are strengthened. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted awareness campaigns, simplified subsidy processes, improved financing options, and community-based solar initiatives. This study contributes valuable insights to policymakers, solar developers, and stakeholders aiming to accelerate the diffusion of solar energy in urban India, especially in high-potential regions like Chennai.