he complications remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D). As the global burden of diabetes continues to rise, early identification of patients at risk for complications such as coronary artery disease, stroke, nephropathy, and retinopathy is increasingly critical. Biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools in predicting the onset and progression of these complications. Among these, natriuretic peptides (NPs), including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), have shown promise due to their roles in cardiovascular and renal function regulation. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the predictive utility of NPs and other key biomarkers in vascular complication risk stratification among diabetic patients. Lower concentrations of ANP and BNP are associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, while elevated levels of Human Natriuretic Peptides (HNP) have been linked to enhanced insulin sensitivity and lower incidence of metabolic syndrome features. These associations suggest a potential mechanistic link between NP levels, metabolic dysfunction, and vascular damage.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of specific biomarkers—Urea, Creatinine, Blood Sugar (BS), Insulin, Uric Acid, Troponin, and Human Natriuretic Peptides (HNP)—in diabetic patients.

Design. This study included biomarkers for diabetic patients in the Diabetes and Endocrinology Department of Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf Governorate. The analysis included 90 men and women (aged 40–75 years). Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded.