<p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted endocrine disorder that&ensp;affects women of childbearing age globally. Its aetio-pathogenesis is still not&ensp;fully elucidated as it is on the cross-talk of genetic, epidemiological and inflammatory factors. The current paper is a review of the genetic, population determinants, and inflammatory biomarkers hypothesised&ensp;to have a joint effect in determining the clinical features of PCOS. Several candidate genes important in steroidogenesis (CYP11A1, CYP17A1), gonadotropin signalling (FSHR, LHCGR) and metabolism regulation (INSR, PPARG) are tested for their association with hyperandrogenism, follicular dysfunction and&ensp;insulin sensitivity. Epidemiological&ensp;determinants (age, ethnicity, obesity, lifestyle behaviours and early-life exposures) are explored in terms of disease risk and severity. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)&ensp;and modulated adipokines are similarly reviewed in the spectrum of chronic low-grade inflammation. In conclusion, the results highlight the relevance of multivariate evaluation to enhance PCOS diagnosis, risk stratification&ensp;and individualised treatment.</p>