<p><strong>Background</strong>: The increasing reliance on ionising radiation in catheterisation laboratories (cath labs), radiology departments, and operating theatres (OTs) has significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. Procedures such as fluoroscopy-guided cardiac interventions, computed tomography (CT), interventional radiology techniques, and intraoperative C-arm imaging are now integral to modern medical practice. However, the expanding volume and complexity of these procedures have led to greater occupational radiation exposure among healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, radiologic technologists, and operating room staff.</p>

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To review radiation safety awareness and protective practices in the cath lab, radiology department, and operating theatre, and to highlight strategies to minimise occupational radiation exposure and promote a culture of safety.</p>

<p><strong>Methods</strong>: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted using a Google Form questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions on Radiation Safety Awareness in Cath lab under Radiology department and OT departments, radiosensitive organs, high-risk groups, regulatory bodies, and safety practices related to shielding and contrast safety. Participants included</p>

<p>Students, Nurses, radiologists, radiology technicians, OTT technicians. The response was analysed using descriptive statistics.</p>

<p><strong>Result:</strong> Among 200 participants (mostly students and radiology staff), 83.5% reported ionising radiation use in cath labs, mainly from fluoroscopy (52.5%) and C-arm (30%)^16,17. Gonads (43%) and bone marrow (27%) were recognized as most sensitive organs^18. 89.5% knew the ALARA principle, but protective apron knowledge varied^20,21. 81.5% used all recommended PPE; 77.9% knew occupational dose limits^16,23. Awareness was good but gaps remain in organ sensitivity, protective standards, and dose knowledge.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Radiation exposure in the catheterization laboratory, radiology department, and operating theatre poses a significant occupational risk to healthcare professionals. Despite advances in imaging technology and established international guidelines from the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the International Atomic Energy Agency, gaps in awareness, training, and consistent use of protective measures persist. Strengthening radiation safety education, promoting adherence to ALARA principles, and implementing effective monitoring and shielding strategies are essential to minimise occupational hazards.</p>