Indian Journal of Modern Research and Reviews, 2026; 4(2):442-446

Interleukin-39 as an Emerging Biomarker Cytokine in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: Narrative review

Authors: Hasan. R. Hamood; Hanan. R. Hamoud; Rana Talib Fakher Al-Nafakh; Hassan Sh. Kahait;

1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

4. Ministry of Education, Najaf, Director, Iraq

Paper Type: Research Paper

Article Information

Received: 2026-01-03 | Accepted: 2026-02-23 | Published: 2026-02-28

Abstract

It is a worldwide complicated metabolic disorder linked to impaired insulin action, chronic low-grade inflammation, and dysfunctional β-cells. Interleukin-39 (IL-39) has been identified as a new cytokine associated with immune modulation and metabolic dysfunction recently. Recent research has highlighted IL-39 as a biomarker in and an interventional target for T2DM. That review provides a brief of the present evidence on IL‑39 biology and its relevance to T2DM pathophysiology.

Keywords

Interleukin 39(IL-39), Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), participants, healthcare

How to Cite

. Interleukin-39 as an Emerging Biomarker Cytokine in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: Narrative review. Indian Journal of Modern Research and Reviews. 2026; 4(2):442-446

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Interleukin-39 as an Emerging Biomarker Cytokine in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: Narrative review