This paper examines multifaceted landscape of recent trend and Criminal Justice System in India, spanning historical pathways, contemporary dilemmas, current issues, modern problems and prospects for reform. Rule of law, democracy, development and human rights are depend on the success that the governments are able to achieve on the criminal justice front. The goal of the criminal justice are prevention and control of crime, maintenance of public order and peace, protection of the rights of victims as well as persons in conflict with law, punishment and rehabilitation of those adjustment guilty of committing of crimes and generally protection of life and property against crime and criminality. This is primary duty of the State under the Constitution of India.
The principal formal agencies of criminal justice are police, judiciary and corrections. Under the Constitution of India, Police and Prison Administration are the State subjects. But the Apex court at the central level and High Courts at state level administer the judiciary in the entire country. Though police and prisons are state subjects, the organizational structure, administration and functioning of all the agencies of criminal justice are as per the central laws such as BNS (The Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023), BNSS (Bhartiya Nyay Suraksha Sanhita, 2023), BSA (The Bhartiya Sakshaya Adhiniyam, 2023). The police Act and the Prison Act. Thus, this paper explains about the recent trend structure and functioning of Indian criminal justice system.
Criminal justice reform, BNS–BNSS–BSA, bail jurisprudence, digital evidence, e-Courts, victim rights, forensic science, prisons, restorative justice, privacy
Dr. Rang Nath Singh, Dr. Ravi Prakash Patel. Modern Trends in the Criminal Justice System in India. Indian Journal of Modern Research and Reviews. 2026; 4(5):69-74
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